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Zyloprim (Allopurinol)
 

 

ALLOPURINOL (Generic Zyloprim ®)

Allopurinol (Generic Zyloprim ®) is a hyperuricemic agent used in the treatment of many symptoms of gout, including acute attacks, tophi (collection of uric acid crystals in the tissues, especially around joints), joint destruction, and uric acid stones. Gout is a form of arthritis characterized by increased blood levels of uric acid. Allopurinol works by reducing uric acid production in the body, thus preventing crystals from forming. Allopurinol works by reducing uric acid production in the body, thus preventing crystals from forming.

Allopurinol
  Product Ships Rx Price Order
Allopurinol (Generic Zyloprim) 300 MG 30 Tablets USA Free $49
Allopurinol (Generic Zyloprim) 300 MG 60 Tablets USA Free $54
Allopurinol (Generic Zyloprim) 300 MG 90 Tablets USA Free $59
Generic Allopurinol 100 MG 30 Tablets USA Free $44
Generic Allopurinol 100 MG 60 Tablets USA Free $49
Generic Allopurinol 100 MG 90 Tablets USA Free $54
Zyloprim (Allopurinol) 100mg 30 Tablets USA Free $54
Zyloprim (Allopurinol) 100mg 60 Tablets USA Free $64
Zyloprim (Allopurinol) 100mg 90 Tablets USA Free $74
Zyloprim (Allopurinol) 300mg 30 Tablets USA Free $69
Zyloprim (Allopurinol) 300mg 60 Tablets USA Free $89
Zyloprim (Allopurinol) 300mg 90 Tablets USA Free $129
Allopurinol x 10 300mg Global Free $4
Allopurinol x 120 300mg Global Free $48
Allopurinol x 180 300mg Global Free $72
Allopurinol x 30 300mg Global Free $12
Allopurinol x 60 300mg Global Free $24
Allopurinol x 90 300mg Global Free $36



Zyloprim ® is manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline.

Chemical Name : Allopurinol

 Important Note
The following information is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of your physician, pharmacist or other healthcare professional. It should not be construed to indicate that use of the drug is safe, appropriate, or effective for you. Consult your healthcare professional before using this drug.

Uses
Allopurinol is used to treat chronic gout and to keep the body from producing excessive amounts of uric acid, which could lead to or aggravate various medical problems. It is used to prevent gout attacks, not to treat them once they occur. Allopurinol is also used to manage the increased uric acid levels in the blood of people with certain cancers, such as leukemia. It is also prescribed to manage some types of kidney stones.

Allopurinol will not stop a gout attack that is already underway. However, when taken over a period of several months, this drug will begin to reduce your symptoms. It's important to keep taking it regularly, even if it seems to have no immediate effect.

The usual starting dose of Allopurinol is 100 milligrams once daily. Your doctor may increase your dose by 100 milligrams per day at 1-week intervals until desired results are attained. The average dose is 200 to 300 milligrams per day for mild gout and 400 to 600 milligrams daily for moderate to severe gout. The most Allopurinol you should take in a day is 800 milligrams.

How to take this medication
Take Allopurinol exactly as prescribed. Your doctor will probably start you on a low Allopurinol dosage, increasing it gradually each week until you reach the Allopurinol dosage that is best for you. A typical starting Zyloprim dose is one 100-milligram tablet per day. You may want to take Allopurinol immediately after a meal to minimize the risk of stomach irritation. You should avoid taking large doses of Vitamin C because of the increased possibility of kidney stone formation.

Side Effects
Side effects cannot be anticipated. Only your doctor can determine if it is safe for you to continue taking Allopurinol. A skin reaction, the most common side effect of Allopurinol, may occasionally become severe or even fatal, you should stop taking Allopurinol if you notice even the beginnings of a rash. Such a rash may be itchy or scaly or may make your skin peel off in sheets; it may be accompanied by chills and fever, aching joints, or jaundice.

You may experience acute attacks of gout more often in the early stages of Zyloprim therapy, even when normal uric acid levels have been attained. These attacks Allopurinol become shorter and less severe after several months of therapy. A kidney problem may turn a normal dose of Allopurinol into an overdose. If you have a kidney disease, or a condition such as diabetes or high blood pressure that may affect your kidneys, your doctor should prescribe Allopurinol cautiously and order periodic blood and urine tests to assess your kidney function.

Precautions
While taking Allopurinol you should drink plenty of liquids--10 to 12 glasses (8 ounces each) per day--unless otherwise prescribed by your doctor. To help prevent attacks of gout, you should also avoid beer, wine, and purine-rich foods such as anchovies, sardines, liver, kidneys, lentils, and sweetbreads.

If you have been taking Colchicine and/or an anti-inflammatory drug, such as Anaprox, Indocin, and others, to relieve your gout, your doctor will probably want you to continue taking this medication while your Allopurinol dosage is being adjusted. Later, when you have had no attacks of gout for several months, you may be able to stop taking these other medications. If you have been taking a drug that promotes the excretion of uric acid in the urine, such as Probenecid (Benemid) or Sulfinpyrazone (Anturane), to try to prevent attacks of gout, your doctor will probably want to reduce or stop your dosage of this drug while increasing your dosage of Allopurinol.

Allopurinol appears in breast milk; what effect it may have on a nursing baby is unknown. Caution is advised when Allopurinol is taken during breastfeeding.

Drug Interactions
If Allopurinol is taken with certain other drugs, the effects of either could be increased, decreased, or altered. It is especially important to check with your doctor before combining Allopurinol with the following: Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox, Wymox), Ampicillin (Omnipen, Principen), Azathioprine (Imuran), Blood thinners such as Coumadin, Cyclosporine (Sandimmune, Neoral), Drugs for diabetes, such as Diabinese and Orinase, Mercaptopurine (Purinethol), Probenecid (Benemid, ColBENEMID), Sulfinpyrazone (Anturane), Theophylline (Theo-Dur, Sl,-Phyllin, and others), Thiazide diuretics such as HydroDIURIL, Diuril, and others, Vitamin C.

Overdose
If overdose is suspected, contact your local poison control center or emergency room immediately.The following symptoms indicate an overdose: dizziness; fainting; fast heartbeat.

Missed Dose
If you miss a dose, use it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

Storage
Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom). Throw away any medication that is outdated or no longer needed.

 

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 Gout : How it Affects your Body
Uric acid crystals can deposit in tiny fluid-filled sacs (bursae) around the joints. These urate crystals can incite inflammation in the bursae leading to pain and swelling around the joints, a condition called bursitis. In rare instances, gout leads to a more chronic type of joint inflammation which mimics rheumatoid arthritis. In chronic gout, nodular masses of uric acid crystals (tophi) deposit in different soft tissue areas of the body. Even though they are most commonly found as hard nodules around the fingers, at the tips of the elbows, and around the big toe, tophi nodules can appear anywhere in the body. They have been reported in unexpected areas such as in the ears, vocal cords, or even around the spinal cord!

Cytotoxicity of liver macrophages against liver tumours. Influence of betamethasone, indomethacin and Zyloprim ( Allopurinol )
Macrophage activation with zymosan has an inhibitory effect on tumour take and initial tumour growth in the rat liver. 91 rats with syngeneic transplanted hepatoma in the liver were treated with zymosan (46) or saline (45). Betamethasone (glucocorticoid), indomethacin (prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor), Zyloprim ( Allopurinol ) (oxygen radical scavenger) or saline were administered concomitantly.

Zyloprim ( Allopurinol ) significantly blocked the zymosan inhibition of tumour take and tumour growth after 7 and 14 days. Zyloprim ( Allopurinol ) blocked zymosan induced increased relative spleen weight. It is proposed that the liver macrophage cytotoxicity induced by zymosan is in part mediated via production of oxygen radicals.

Treatment of Gout
Preventing acute gout attacks is equally as important as treating the acute arthritis. Prevention of acute gout involves maintaining adequate fluid intake, weight reduction, dietary changes, reduction in alcohol consumption, and medications to reduce hyperuricemia. Maintaining adequate fluid intake helps prevent acute gout attacks. Adequate fluid intake also decreases the risk of kidney stone formation in patients with gout.

Alcohol is known to have diuretic effects which can contribute to dehydration and precipitate acute gout attacks. Alcohol can also affect uric acid metabolism and cause hyperuricemia. It causes gout by impeding (slowing down) the excretion of uric acid from the kidneys as well as by causing dehydration, which precipitates the crystals in the joints.

There are three aspects to the medication treatment of gout. First, pain relievers such as acetaminophen/Tylenol or other more potent analgesics are used to manage pain. Secondly, anti-inflammatory agents such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), colchicine, and corticosteroids are used to decrease joint inflammation. Finally, medications are considered for managing the underlying metabolic derangement that causes hyperuricemia and gout. This means treating the elevated levels of uric acid in the blood with medications that reduce these levels.

Zyloprim ( Allopurinol ) protects the bowel from necrosis caused by indomethacin and temporary intestinal ischemia in mice
Although the protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by Zyloprim ( Allopurinol ) has previously been attributed to inhibition of xanthine oxidase, the demonstration of protective effects in species devoid of detectable myocardial xanthine oxidase activity argues against this hypothesis. In the present study, the effects of Zyloprim ( Allopurinol ) pretreatment in a model of heart-lung transplantation were examined in swine, a species devoid of myocardial xanthine oxidase activity.

Based on postsurgical assessments of cardiac and pulmonary function integrity, animals showing the greatest red cell antioxidant response following Zyloprim ( Allopurinol ) treatment showed significantly better recovery compared with the control group. The present study suggests that Zyloprim ( Allopurinol ) protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury may involve generalized alterations in tissue antioxidant status, and that the measurement of erythrocyte susceptibility to oxidative challenge could provide a useful approach to optimizing the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions undertaken prior to surgery in order to minimize the risk of damage resulting from postischemic tissue reperfusion.

 

 

 

 

 

10th March 2010